Methodology

Every country on this site has its own calculation module implementing that country's payroll rules in full detail for the shown tax year: progressive income-tax brackets, employee social contributions with their caps and floors, and country-specific levies such as Turkey's stamp duty or the UK's student-loan repayments. Nothing is approximated with a single blended rate.

Gross-to-net runs the payroll model forward. Net-to-gross inverts it numerically: the solver searches for the gross salary whose computed net matches your target, using the exact same model — so both directions are always consistent with each other.

Rates and thresholds come from official sources — tax authorities, social-security institutions and government budget documents — which are linked on every country page together with a last-updated date.

Each country module is verified against a suite of test cases, including values published by official calculators where they exist, and automated checks that the arithmetic is internally consistent (the itemized deductions always explain the computed net exactly).

The results are informational estimates for a standard employment relationship. They are not tax advice; edge cases such as benefits in kind, expatriate regimes or multiple employments are out of scope unless a country page states otherwise.